Frameworks

Protective Factors in Resilience Theory

Resilience can be understood as the adaptive process of bouncing back from stressors or trauma and/or overcoming obstacles to achieve a positive outcome.

Resilience is something that can be potentially achieved by all children and youth.

A key framework within resilience theory are protective factors. Protective factors promote encouraging outcomes and help us manage risk. Protective factors are not always outstanding moments in a child’s life, but rather they can be everyday skills that are built overtime (like learning how to be patient).

The protective factors in resilience theory are:

  1. Positive relationships with caring adults
  2. Effective care giving and parenting
  3. Thinking and problem-solving skills
  4. Self-regulation skills
  5. Having a sense of self-efficacy and control
  6. Being motivated to achieve
  7. Positive friends or romantic partners
  8. Faith, hope, spirituality
  9. Beliefs that life has meaning
  10. Effective teachers and schools

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